Minimum Entropic DaR
Minimise Entropic Drawdown-at-Risk (EDaR), the entropic counterpart of Conditional Drawdown-at-Risk (CDaR). EDaR is a smooth, coherent measure of drawdown tail risk, designed for capital-preservation mandates where drawdown control matters more than volatility control.
Overview
CDaR (Chekhlov, Uryasev and Zabarankin, 2005) reframes tail risk in drawdown space rather than return space: instead of averaging the worst fraction of one-period losses, it averages the worst fraction of running drawdowns from the high-water mark of cumulative return. CDaR is a coherent path-dependent risk measure and is the natural target for capital-preservation mandates.
EDaR is the entropic version of CDaR (Ahmadi-Javid, 2012; Cajas, 2021): apply the EVaR construction to the drawdown process instead of the return process. The result is a smooth, coherent tail-of-drawdown measure that upper-bounds CDaR pointwise. As with EVaR vs CVaR, EDaR is more conservative on heavy-tailed loss processes and is numerically friendlier than CDaR.
FolioLab implements minimum-EDaR via skfolio's drawdown-risk optimiser with RiskMeasure.EDAR. The confidence level is fixed at beta = 0.95 and is not a request field. It is one of the two standard choices, 0.95 and 0.99, used for institutional reporting. The drawdown path is built from the daily returns of the run window. Per-name weight bounds, asset exclusions, and group sum limits such as sector caps pass to the estimator and enter the same convex programme.
The drawdowns are uncompounded. skfolio sums the daily returns rather than compounding them, against a peak that starts at zero. The result's edar_95 is on the compounded curve, which is not what this method minimized. The minimized value is edar_95_uncompounded, and the result names it in objective_metric. The PDF and Excel reports show both.
Mathematical Formulation
Drawdown process
Let be the cumulative return of the portfolio. The running drawdown at time is
and equals zero whenever the portfolio is at a new high-water mark.
EDaR via the EVaR construction
EDaR is EVaR applied to the empirical drawdown sequence. As in the EVaR case the expression is jointly convex in , and skfolio handles it via a disciplined-convex-programming reformulation (Cajas, 2021).
Optimisation problem
The drawdown sequence is a function of the entire path of , so the problem is path-dependent. skfolio reformulates it as a convex programme with auxiliary variables tracking the running maximum, and the result is solved by CVXPY with CLARABEL first, then SCS, then ECOS.
EDaR vs CDaR
EDaR upper-bounds CDaR by construction: a min-EDaR portfolio is at least as conservative on the right tail of the drawdown distribution as a min-CDaR portfolio at the same confidence level. The gap between the two widens as the drawdown tail gets heavier.
The trade-off versus CDaR is that EDaR is more numerically stable (smooth gradients, well-defined sensitivities) at the cost of a structurally more conservative allocation.
Advantages & Limitations
Advantages
- Path-aware: Captures sustained-loss exposure that one-period CVaR misses.
- Coherent and smooth: Easier to attribute and differentiate than CDaR.
- Upper bound on CDaR: Bounds CDaR from above at the same confidence level.
- Capital-preservation friendly: Targets the metric clients actually feel.
Limitations
- Path dependence: Optimisation is over the full return path, not point-in-time moments.
- Computational cost: More auxiliary variables than CVaR; larger conic problem.
- History-bound: EDaR uses the empirical drawdown path; sample noise is high in short histories.
- Conservative: Bounding CDaR from above can give up return when drawdowns are mild.
References
- Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S., & Zabarankin, M. (2005). "Drawdown Measure in Portfolio Optimization." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 8(1), 13-58.
- Ahmadi-Javid, A. (2012). "Entropic Value-at-Risk: A New Coherent Risk Measure." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 155(3), 1105-1123.
- Cajas, D. (2021). "Entropic Portfolio Optimization: A Disciplined Convex Programming Framework." SSRN Working Paper.
- Zabarankin, M., Pavlikov, K., & Uryasev, S. (2014). "Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with Drawdown Measure." European Journal of Operational Research, 234(2), 508-517.
- Goldberg, L. R., & Mahmoud, O. (2017). "Drawdown: From Practice to Theory and Back Again." Mathematics and Financial Economics, 11(3), 275-297.
- Palomar, D. P. (2025). Portfolio Optimization: Theory and Application. Cambridge University Press, Chapter 10 (Portfolios with Alternative Risk Measures), Section 10.5 (Drawdown Portfolios).
- skfolio documentation -
skfolio.RiskMeasure.EDAR.
Not investment advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results.